Epiclon 2mg
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Indications
Butamirate Citrate is used to relieve dry (non-productive) cough. Dry cough may be caused by a recent viral infection. Butamirate Citrate is also used for pre & post-operative cough sedation in patients who will undergo surgical procedures and bronchoscopy. It can be used in the acute cough of any etiology, whooping cough and cough due to acute lower respiratory tract infections (tracheitis, laryngitis, bronchitis) etc.
Pharmacology
Butamirate Citrate acts directly on the brain's cough center to suppress cough. Butamirate Citrate is safe and non-sedating which is neither chemically nor pharmacologically related to opium alkaloids. Butamirate Citrate is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Maximum concentration is reached within 9 hours with the sustained-release tablet. This is extremely protein-bound and plasma elimination half-life is about 13 hours. The active metabolites of Butamirate Citrate have also antitussive action.
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Pharmacology
Vitamin B1 converts carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids into energy, promotes healthy nerves, improves mood, strengthens the heart. Vitamin B6 forms RBCs, helps cells to make proteins, manufactures neurotransmitters e.g. serotonin and releases stored forms of energy, helps to prevent CVS diseases and stroke, helps to lift depression and eases insomnia. Vitamin B12 is essential for cell replication and important for RBC production, prevents anemia, helps to prevent depression, reduces nerve pain, numbness, tingling and lowers the risk of heart diseases.
The vitamin ingredients are absorbed well in per oral reception. It is widely distributed to most tissues and appears in breast milk. Within the cell, thiamine is mostly present as diphosphate. Thiamine is not stored to any appreciable extent in the body and amounts in excess of the body’s requirements are excreted in the urine as unchanged thiamine or as metabolites. Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are readily absorbed from the GIT following oral administration and are converted to the active forms of pyridoxal phosphate an pyridoxamine phosphate. They are stored mainly in liver where there is oxidation to 4-pyridoxic acid and other inactive metabolites, which are excreted in urine. As the dose increases, proportionally greater amounts are excreted unchanged in the urine.
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Dosage & Administration
Oral:
- Adults: The initial dose for adults with seizure disorders should not exceed 1.5 mg/day divided into three doses. Dosage may be increased in increments of 0.5 to 1 mg every 3 days until seizures are adequately controlled or until side effects preclude any further increase. Maintenance dosage must be individualized for each patient depending upon response. Maximum recommended daily dose is 20 mg.
- The initial dose for adults with panic disorder is 0.25 mg given in two divided dose. An increase to the target dose for most patients of 1 mg/day may be made after 3 days.
- Pediatric Patients: In order to minimize drowsiness, the initial dose for infants and children (up to 10 years of age or 30 kg of body weight) should be between 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg/day but not to exceed 0.05 mg/kg/day given in two or three divided doses.
- Infants and children: half of a vial (0.5 mg) by slow IV injection or by IV infusion.
- Adults: 1 vial (1 mg) by slow IV injection or by IV infusion. This dose can be repeated as required (1-4 mg are usually sufficient to reverse the status). In adults, the rate of injection must not exceed 0.25 - 0.5 mg per minute (0.5-1.0 ml of the prepared solution) and a total dose of 10 mg should not be exceeded.
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